4.5a Food Chains

4.5 Understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer.

• The food chain links together the producer to the primary consumer then to the secondary consumer and possibly to the tertiary consumer.
• 1 organism per trophic level.
• In a food chain unable to show an organism to be an omnivore or to be feeding at more than 2 trophic levels.
• Food chains build a flow of matter and they show the flow of energy.

4.4 Trophic Levels

4.4 Recall the names given to different trophic levels to include producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers.

• The word trophic means to feed
• There are different feeding levels
• Carrot plant is the first level in the example and is doing photosynthesis
• Carrot fly is eating parts of carrot plant and is therefore called a herbivore
• The flycatcher eats the carrot fly which makes it a carnivore 
• Carnivore eats another carnivore (top of the food chain) Top Carnivore
• Carrot plant is called the producer
• Carrot fly eating carrot plant is known as the primary consumer
• Flycatcher is then known as the secondary consumer
• After that the next feeding level is called tertiary consumer

4.3 Quadrat samples

• A sample that is random form each comparison is needed
• A sample that is a representative for each comparison
• Random numbers are needed to be generated
• Random numbers are used for the x and y coordinate
• Count number of samples in each square

4.2 Quadrats

4.2 Recall the use of Quadrats to estimate the population size of an organism of 2 different areas.

• Quadrats are based on squares.
• Squares can be made of any material including wood, string and metal.
• Quadrat is used to sample the area and count the
  number of individuals inside the grid.
• This is an estimate of the population size.
• Quadrats are a method of sampling so that populations can be compared
  in the different locations.

4.1 Ecosystems

4.1 Understand the terms: population, community, habitat and ecosystems.

• Ecosystems are described by the community of organisms and the habitat.
• The habitat includes all the Abiotic factors (non biologic factors) for example, cycle of daylight
• Community of organisms is made up of populations of different species which are interacting
• Common interaction to look at is feeding